Guqula AV1 kuya WebM

Akunakuthembeka. AV1 igcina imisindo eminingi njengezingoma zohlobo lokuqala, kodwa WebM uxhaso lokudlala ngaphezu kwengoma yokuqala akulingani, ngakho abadlali abaningi bazoveza kuphela eyodwa. Khetha ingoma oyifunayo ngaphambi kokuguqula; abanye bakhishwa kahle kumafayela abo ngaphezu kokushiya emgodini ofihlayo. AV1 inikeza cishe 30% engcono ucindezelo kuna H.264 esezingeni elifanayo futhi ithatha akukho izinkokhelo izitifiketi, okuyinto kungani YouTube ne Netflix push it. WebM ilungile encane noma kuphi ngaphandle kwe-browser - ama-video editors, amafoni 'ama-galleries asekhaya nama-Smart TVs ahlala engaziboni.

Ishintsha ukuthi yini ongayilindele kuhele lwesingeniso. Ingxenye eyodwa yokuguqulwa ibizwa ngokuthi ukungenisa ngaphandle, hhayi ukupakisha, ngakho lokho okubuyayo ukuthi i-bitstream ngaphakathi kwebhokisi elifanele kakhulu — ngokuvamile MP4 noma MKV. Uhlelo lubonisa ibhokisi; i-codec yilokho okusho ubukhulu befayela futhi lapho izodlala khona.

Yebo — wonke umculo ohambayo ku AV1 (umbono womqondisi, izilimi ezihlukile, umculo ochazayo) ugcinwa ku WebM lapho isiqoqi esizosiza umsindo ohambayo oningi. MKV ne MOV ziphatha umculo ohambayo ongenasiphelo; MP4 isekela abaningi kodwa abanye abadlali behardware babona umculo 1 kuphela; WebM iphele ku-Opus / Vorbis umculo owodwa. I-WebM iyingxenye eqinile ye-Matroska eshicilelwe yi-Google ngo-2010 ekhethekile ekubeni yividiyo ye-HTML5 equkethwe ngaphandle kwe-royalty.

Izihloko ezincane ezilula (izihloko ezikhethiwe) zihlala lapho WebM zingazithwala: MKV igcina i-SRT, ASS, SSA, PGS, VobSub ngokusemthethweni; MP4 igcina kuphela i-mov_text (ifomethi ephukile). Ukushintsha MKV nge-ASS styled subs ku-MP4 kuzozikhuphula zibe yi-mov_text noma zizicwebezele. Izihloko ezinzima (zicwebezelelwe kwividiyo) zithwale ngaphandle kokungabaza.

Isigaba se-metadata sidlulisa phakathi kuka AV1 no WebM lapho izihlungi zombili zixhasa isiqephu se-atomi (MKV, MP4, MOV). I-WebM igcina iziqephu kwi-Matroska-compatible block, ngakho-ke i-MKV <-> isigaba se-WebM sihamba ngokuhlanzekile. I-AVI ayinasiqephu esicacisiwe, ngakho-ke ukushintsha i-AVI ibe yi-WebM kwenza ifayela elingahlukanisiwe ngaphandle kokuthi uhlanganise iziphawuli ngesandla.

MKV yindawo yokugcina eyinhloko kuphela egcina amafayela axhunywe ngokuzenzakalela (izifomethi ze-TTF ze-ASS subs, isithombe sokuzivikela se-JPG, izingeniso ze-PDF eziguqulwe nge-fan). Ukusuka ku-AV1 kuya ku-WebM ushiya lezi zifomethi lapho i-WebM ingakho MKV — ama-streams aphansi aguqulwa, kodwa umthwalo oxhunywe uhlala emsuka. Gcina i-AV1 njenge-backup uma uhlala ubheke izifomethi ezixhunywe.

I-codec ejwayelekile ikhethiwe ukufana ne WebM isitoreji ngokuzithandela: MKV ikhetha i-H.265 (HEVC) ukucindezela okuhle; MP4 ikhetha i-H.264 ukuxhasa isisetshenziswa esibanzi; WebM ikhetha i-VP9; AVI isebenzisa i-MPEG-4 ASP (DivX/Xvid lineage). Nciphisa nge-codec ethuthukisiwe engezansi — AV1 itholakala ku-MKV / WebM lapho ufuna khona ukucindezela okuphezulu futhi ungalindela ukucindezela. I-WebM idlala ngokusemthethweni kuwo wonke umsakazi omusha ngaphandle kweplugin, ngaphandle kwelayisense yemali kanye nokungabonisi kwepatent, okuyenza ibe yiphutha levidiyo efakwe kwi-web.

I-HDR metadata ehlala njalo (i-HDR10 mastering display values, max content light level) ihamba phambili ku-WebM uma izihlungi zombili ne-codec ekhethiwe ziyixhasa (HEVC, AV1 ku-MKV / MP4). I-Dolby Vision inamandla kakhulu — i-DV profile 5 / 7 / 8.1 ku-AV1 ihlala kuphela ku-MKV nge-HEVC; ukushintsha ku-WebM isihlungi esingathwala i-DV layer ihamba phambili ku-HDR10.

MKV ne WebM zirekhoda ama-timestamps we-frame ngayinye futhi ziphatha i-VFR ngokusemthethweni, ngakho-ke i-AV1 VFR ihlala i WebM yalezi fomu ngaphandle kokuphindeka kokuhlolwa. I-MP4 igcina ama-timestamps futhi kodwa abanye abadlali bakholelwa ukuthi i-CFR; umguquli ubonisa "u forza CFR" ukushintsha okuphinda ukuhlolwa kwe-VFR AV1 kuya ku-24 / 30 / 60 fps WebM ngezinhloso ezinomthelela.

I-remux ye-codec efanayo ikhiqiza ubukhulu obufana kakhulu (i-container overhead ihluka ngo-0.1-2%). Ushintsho lwe-codec lungashintsha ubukhulu ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu: H.264 kuya ku-H.265 ngokuvamile kushiya ihele ngaphesheya ngekhwalithi efanayo yokubuka; H.264 kuya ku-AV1 kushiya ihele ngaphesheya futhi ngesinqumo esihamba kancane. Ukusuka ku-high-bitrate AV1 (Blu-ray rip) kuya ku-low-bitrate WebM (ukufaka iwebhu) kuyisizathu esivame kakhulu sokulahlekelwa okuningi.

Yebo kuze kube yi-8K (7680x4320) ku-Premium. Izinga elimahhala liphatha i-4K (3840x2160) kuze kube yi-1 GB yehele. I-pure remuxes (i-codec efanayo edlula) ye AV1 enkulu iye ku-WebM iphele ngokudluliswa kwediski I/O, hhayi i-CPU — i-30 GB AV1 ivame ukudluliswa ku-WebM ngaphansi kwemizuzu ngaphandle kokuqhathaniswa nesinqumo. Iphinde ikhode isilinganiso ngenani le-pixel.